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Q1. State similarities between phyla Arthropoda and Mollusca.

Solution

Similarities between phyla Arthropoda and Mollusca:

They are triploblastic animals.

They are bilaterally symmetrical animals.

They are coelomates.

They exhibit organ system level of organisation.

Q2. Write the scientific name of the freshwater sponge.

Solution

Spongilla 

Q3. Name the flatworm which has high regeneration capacity.

Solution

Planaria possesses high regeneration capacity.

Q4. Describe symmetry in animals.

Solution

Animals can be categorised on the basis of their symmetry pattern. They can be categorised as follows:

Asymmetrical animals

Bilaterally symmetrical animals

Radially symmetrical animals

Asymmetrical animals: The body of these animals cannot be divided into two identical halves along any plane passing through the centre. Example: Sponges

Bilaterally symmetrical animals: The body can be divided into identical left and right halves in only one plane. Examples: Arthropods, annelids

Radially symmetrical animals: The body of these animals can be divided into equal halves by any plane passing through the central axis of the body. Example: Adult echinoderms

Q5. Name the cells which line the spongocoel in Sycon.  

Solution

Pinacocytes line the spongocoel in Sycon.  

Q6. Differentiate between Annelida and Arthropoda.

Solution

Annelida Arthropoda 1) Body is externally divided into ring-like metameres. 1) Body is divided into head, thorax and abdomen. 2) Annelids show the presence of a closed circulatory system. 2) Arthropods show the presence of an open circulatory system. 3) Locomotion is by chaetae or parapodia. 3) Locomotion is by jointed appendages and/or wings. 4) Excretion occurs by nephridia. 4) Excretion occurs by Malpighian tubules.  

Q7. What is the importance of pneumatic bones and air sacs in Aves?

Solution

Pneumatic bones in Aves keep the animal body light and hence help in flight. Air sacs in birds help in respiration and buoyancy.

Q8. What are setae?

Solution

Tiny chitinous bodies in the skin of annelids are termed as setae.

Q9. State the function of comb plates in comb jellies.

Solution

Comb plates found in comb jellies help in locomotion.

Q10. Enlist the characteristic features of Petromyzon as representative of class Cyclostomata.

Solution

Characteristic features of Petromyzon:

It is an ectoparasite.

The body is elongated bearing 6-15 pairs of gills.

The mouth is circular, sucking type with jaws.

Cranium and vertebral column are cartilaginous.

It has a closed circulatory system.

Although it is marine, it migrates to freshwater for spawning.

Q11. State different respiratory organs of animals of phylum Arthropoda.

Solution

Respiratory organs of phylum Arthropoda: book lungs, gills and book gills.

Q12. Draw a well-labelled diagram of cnidoblast.  

Solution

   

Q13. What is the organ of sound production in Aves. Give its location.

Solution

Syrinx is the organ of sound production in birds. It is located at the bifurcation of trachea into bronchi.

Q14. Write any two examples of phylum Platyhelminthes.

Solution

Examples of phylum Platyhelminthes: Taenia, Fasciola hepatica

Q15. Write any two examples of phylum Hemichordata.

Solution

Examples of phylum hemichordate: Balanoglossus, Saccoglossus

Q16. Name the excretory organ of Balanoglossus.

Solution

Proboscis gland

Q17. What is ovovivipary?

Solution

Development of heavily yolked eggs in the mother's reproductive tract without drawing nourishment from her is called ovovivipary.

Q18. Draw a well-labelled diagram of Balanoglossus.  

Solution

   

Q19. What are amniotes?

Solution

Reptiles, birds and mammals that form special embryonic membranes during development are called amniotes. The special embryonic membranes include amnion, chorion, allantois and yolk sac.

Q20. How is the phylum Annelida named?  

Solution

In annelids, the body surface is distinctly marked into ring-like segments. This is a distinct and common feature seen in all animals which belong to this phylum. Hence, it is named as phylum Annelida. In Latin, annulus means little ring.  

Q21. Write characteristic features of phylum Platyhelminthes.

Solution

Characteristic features of phylum Platyhelminthes:

They are bilaterally symmetrical.

They do not have any body cavity; hence, they are acoelomates.

They are triploblastic animals.

Excretion and osmoregulation occur by specialised cells called flame cells.

Fertilisation is internal.

(Write any 3 or 4)

Q22. Name the organ which regulates buoyancy in Rohu.

Solution

The air bladder regulates buoyancy in Rohu.

Q23. How are the animals of Arthropoda different from those of Mollusca?

Solution

Arthropoda Mollusca 1) Body is segmented and divided into head, thorax and abdomen.   1) Body is soft, unsegmented and divided into head, muscular foot and visceral mass. 2) Excretion is by Malpighian tubules. 2) Excretion is by gills or kidneys. 3) Respiration is by gills, tracheal tubes or book lungs. 3) Respiration is by gills. 4) Arthropods have chitinous exoskeleton. 4) Molluscs have calcareous exoskeleton.  

Q24. Draw diagrams representing the germinal layers found in diploblastic and triploblastic animals.  

Solution

         

Q25. State any two phyla of non-chordates which have radial symmetry as their characteristic feature.

Solution

Animals from the phyla Cnidaria and Echinodermata show radial symmetry.

Q26. Name the cnidarian which exhibits alteration of generation.  

Solution

 Obelia exists in both forms, i.e. polyp and medusa, and it shows alteration of generation.  

Q27. Name the fish which has an electric organ.

Solution

Torpedo

Q28. Why is Ascaris also called roundworm?

Solution

The cross-section of the body of Ascaris appears circular. Hence, Ascaris is also called roundworm.

Q29. Distinguish between Porifera and Ctenophora

Solution

Porifera Ctenophora Animals show cellular level of organisation. Animals show tissue level of organisation. They are asymmetrical. They are radially symmetrical. Digestion is intracellular. Digestion is extracellular and intracellular. Fertilisation is internal. Fertilisation is external. Example: Sycon Example: Pleurobrachia  

Q30. Define metamerism.

Solution

Metamerism is a kind of segmentation in which the body is segmented externally and internally. The external segments of the body correspond to the internal segments.

Q31. Given below are the pairs of animals and phylum which they belong to. Which out of these is not a matching pair and why?     Bombyx - Arthropoda     Loligo - Mollusca     Asterias - Mollusca     Saccoglossus - Hemichordata  

Solution

      The pair Asterias - Mollusca is not matching.     Asteria, i.e. star fish, shows the presence of a water vascular system, the adult is radially symmetrical and larvae are bilaterally symmetrical. Hence, Asterias is an echinoderm.  

Q32. Name the parts of which the body of Balanoglossus is composed of.

Solution

The body of Balanoglossus is composed of an anterior part proboscis, a collar and a long trunk.

Q33. What kind of body cavity do the arthropods and nematodes have?

Solution

Arthropods have blood-filled haemocoel and nematodes have fluid-filled pseudocoel.

Q34. State the criteria which form the basis of classification of the animal kingdom.  

Solution

Criteria which form the basis of classification of animal kingdom are    

Level of organisation of cells: Some animals show cell-level organisation, some tissue-level and some exhibit organ-level organisation of cells.  

Body symmetry: Asymmetrical, bilaterally symmetrical and radially symmetrical.  

Nature of coelom: Coelomates, acoelomates and pseudocoelomates.  

Presence or absence of notochord: Chordates and non-chordates.  

Number of embryonic layers found in animals: Diploblastic and triploblastic conditions.  

Segmentation of the body.

Q35. Mention three characters of a spider in which it differs from an insect.

Solution

1. Body divisions such as cephalothorax and abdomen 2. Lack of antennae and wings 3. Four pairs of legs

Q36. Name the compound present in the skeleton of corals.

Solution

Calcium carbonate is found in the skeleton of corals.

Q37. Distinguish between diploblastic and triploblastic animals.  

Solution

Diploblastic Animals     Triploblastic Animals    

The cells are arranged in two embryonic layers—external ectoderm and internal endoderm.  

The cells are arranged in two embryonic layers—external ectoderm, middle layer of mesoderm and internal endoderm.  

Mesoglea is present between the ectoderm and the endoderm.  

Mesoglea is absent. Instead, the mesoderm is present between the endoderm and the ectoderm.  

Examples: Cnidaria and Ctenophora  

Examples: Platyhelminthes to Chordata  

   

Q38. Why are the animals which belong to phylum Platyhelminthes called flatworms?  

Solution

The animals of phylum Platyhelminthes have their bodies dorsoventrally flattened. Because they appear flat, they are called flatworms.  

Q39. Describe the skeleton of poriferans in one line.  

Solution

The skeleton of poriferans is made up of spicules or spongin fibres.  

Q40. What is a true coelom?

Solution

A true coelom is one which is completely lined by amesoderm.

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